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political consulting
Political consulting is a specific industry that has grown up around advising and assisting political campaigns. This article deals primarily with the development and nature of management consulting and political consulting in the United States. Though their most important role is arguably in the development and production of mass media (largely television and direct mail), political consultants advise campaigns on virtually all of their activities, from opposition research and voter polling, to field strategy and get out the vote efforts.
==Origins==
President William McKinley's closest political advisor Mark Hanna is sometimes described as the first political consultant.
In California in the 1930s - 1950s, Whitaker and Baxter established the first true political consulting firm, Campaigns, Inc., which focused exclusively on political campaigns.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Political Consultant )〕 However, political consulting blossomed with the increasing use of television advertising for campaign communications in the 1960s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Political Consultant )〕 It was then that Joseph Napolitan claims to have become the first person to describe himself as a political consultant (Perlmutter, ed. ''Manship Guide to Political Communication'', pg19).
In the subsequent years, political consulting has grown in importance in the United States and influence and has extended its reach to campaigns at all levels of government. Many consultants work not only for campaigns, but also for parties and political action committees, while some focus on public relations and research work.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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